The telecommunications sector has advanced by leaps and bounds in recent decades. Both the quality and speed of the internet have undergone a significant change, so much so that there is a classification of wireless networks, depending on the needs. Currently, this type of connection is the most widespread both in homes and in public institutions and companies due to the number of benefits it offers.
We refer to a wireless network when electromagnetic waves are used to connect computer equipment. In other words, there is no wiring for the transmission and reception of information. One of their main characteristics is that they allow communication and interconnection to be much faster and more agile.
How can wireless networks be classified?
The use of the wired network, which was typically used to connect computing devices, has been replaced by wireless connectivity. Continuous improvements in technology have resulted in the latter option allowing wifi signals to be amplified, via the connection points, even if a device is far away from the router.
This alternative is not new, however, because we have to go back to 1971, when a group of researchers created the first packet communication system at the University of Hawaii. This radio connection, called ALOHA, was the first wireless local area network (WLAN). A year later, this technology was used in the ARPANET in the United States, the forerunner of the Internet.
Over time, this type of connection has favoured convenience, mobility, easy configuration and expandability, among other benefits. It is undoubtedly a qualitative leap forward compared to traditional methods. Today, the classification of wireless networks is mainly based on two criteria: range and frequency range.
- The range of wireless networks depends on a number of factors, such as signal, antenna orientation, interference, structure, power, etc. The wifi signal can reach up to 100 metres, much further than Bluetooth or infrared.
- The frequency range is of great importance and also influences the average range. Wi-Fi networks operate mainly in two bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. In the first case, it is 45 metres indoors and 90 metres outdoors. In the second case, this range is smaller, i.e. 15 metres and 30 metres respectively.
The installation of a wireless network is subject to a plan in order to achieve all the guarantees. For this reason, a coverage study is usually carried out in the area to check whether a good service can be offered. Also, an important aspect, especially in companies, is to carry out security audits to prevent attacks on these communications.
What are the most commonly used wireless networks?
Now that we are clearer about what a telecommunications network is, it is time to find out which ones are most commonly used. The different types of networks depend on the needs of the home or business. For this reason, the design of the coverage is as important as its capacity to offer the highest quality.
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
These networks have a range of approximately 10 metres, although this range can be extended. They are widely used to connect any device for personal use. Nowadays, it is not the most widely accepted formula, although it is oriented towards communication between several people and devices.
WPAN can be used in mobile devices, printers or audio systems. The standard used is IEEE 802.15 in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and includes different technologies such as UWB for high speeds; Bluetooth for medium speeds and Zigbee, RFID and IrDA for low speeds.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
This wireless local area network uses radio waves instead of cables. It is a technology that is often implemented in work areas where low-cost connections are needed.
In this case, wifi and Bluetooth protocols are used to cover distances of up to 100 metres. Due to its characteristics, it is usually used in homes for family use. This network uses the IEEE 802.11 standard in its different versions.
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
The WMAN wireless network covers a larger geographical area than the WLAN, but its coverage is smaller than that offered by the WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) connection. This classification of wireless networks caters for high-speed connectivity in metropolitan areas so that users in a particular region can make use of it.
Coverage can be up to 50 kilometres, so they are used in certain buildings, university campuses or cities. It is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, also known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
Finally, we have to highlight the WWAN network, which is the one that offers the greatest coverage, since its service is long-range. These networks are mainly used in large areas, through satellite links.
They usually rely on GSM, GPRS and UMTS systems for proper operation. However, it should be noted that they are very useful in emergency situations when fixed networks fail or no wifi signal is available.
In conclusion, this classification of wireless networks gives an insight into their importance in different scenarios. Depending on the needs and range of each connection, the performance changes considerably.
At Microsegur we are known for being a leading company in the installation, integration and maintenance of security and communications systems. If you have any doubts about these connections, contact us to offer you a solution according to your priorities.
